KVO 也许是iOS中“最神奇”的部分了,因为你不需要在被观察对象中添加任何代码,就可以实现对被观察对象属性改变的通知。KVO究竟是怎么实现的?
KVO是通过Objective-C的runtime来实现的。当你第一次要对一个对象进行观察时,runtime会为你创建一个被观察对象class的subclass。在这个新创建的subclass中,KVO会复写所要观察属性的setter方法,然后转换被观察对象的isa指针,指向新创建的subclass,所以,你想要观察的对象,变成了KVO在runtime时创建的subclass。因为Apple不想让这种机制暴露,所以还会复写要观察对象的class方法,所以,当你调用class来判断该对象的class时,还会显示原对象的class类型,而不是subclass的类型。
继续探究
// gcc -o kvoexplorer -framework Foundation kvoexplorer.m
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import <objc/runtime.h>
@interface TestClass : NSObject
{
int x;
int y;
int z;
}
@property int x;
@property int y;
@property int z;
@end
@implementation TestClass
@synthesize x, y, z;
@end
static NSArray *ClassMethodNames(Class c)
{
NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray array];
unsigned int methodCount = 0;
Method *methodList = class_copyMethodList(c, &methodCount);
unsigned int i;
for(i = 0; i < methodCount; i++)
[array addObject: NSStringFromSelector(method_getName(methodList[i]))];
free(methodList);
return array;
}
static void PrintDescription(NSString *name, id obj)
{
NSString *str = [NSString stringWithFormat:
@"%@: %@\n\tNSObject class %s\n\tlibobjc class %s\n\timplements methods <%@>",
name,
obj,
class_getName([obj class]),
class_getName(obj->isa),
[ClassMethodNames(obj->isa) componentsJoinedByString:@", "]];
printf("%s\n", [str UTF8String]);
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
[NSAutoreleasePool new];
TestClass *x = [[TestClass alloc] init];
TestClass *y = [[TestClass alloc] init];
TestClass *xy = [[TestClass alloc] init];
TestClass *control = [[TestClass alloc] init];
[x addObserver:x forKeyPath:@"x" options:0 context:NULL];
[xy addObserver:xy forKeyPath:@"x" options:0 context:NULL];
[y addObserver:y forKeyPath:@"y" options:0 context:NULL];
[xy addObserver:xy forKeyPath:@"y" options:0 context:NULL];
PrintDescription(@"control", control);
PrintDescription(@"x", x);
PrintDescription(@"y", y);
PrintDescription(@"xy", xy);
printf("Using NSObject methods, normal setX: is %p, overridden setX: is %p\n",
[control methodForSelector:@selector(setX:)],
[x methodForSelector:@selector(setX:)]);
printf("Using libobjc functions, normal setX: is %p, overridden setX: is %p\n",
method_getImplementation(class_getInstanceMethod(object_getClass(control),
@selector(setX:))),
method_getImplementation(class_getInstanceMethod(object_getClass(x),
@selector(setX:))));
return 0;
}
首先,定义一个TestClass,有3个属性。
然后定义一些工具函数。ClassMethodNames 通过Objective-C 的runtime函数,来返回当前class实现的方法名。
代码执行结果
control: <TestClass: 0x104b20> NSObject class TestClass libobjc class TestClass implements methods <setX:, x, setY:, y, setZ:, z>
x: <TestClass: 0x103280> NSObject class TestClass libobjc class NSKVONotifying_TestClass implements methods <setY:, setX:, class, dealloc, _isKVOA>
y: <TestClass: 0x104b00> NSObject class TestClass libobjc class NSKVONotifying_TestClass implements methods <setY:, setX:, class, dealloc, _isKVOA>
xy: <TestClass: 0x104b10> NSObject class TestClass libobjc class NSKVONotifying_TestClass implements methods <setY:, setX:, class, dealloc, _isKVOA>
Using NSObject methods, normal setX: is 0x195e, overridden setX: is 0x195e
Using libobjc functions, normal setX: is 0x195e, overridden setX: is 0x96a1a550
可以看出,
0)TestClass 在runtime时变成了NSKVONotifying_TestClass
1)虽然x,y只观察了一个属性,但是NSKVONotifying_TestClass却实现了setY, setX方法。也就是说,一个类,KVO只会subclass一个KVO类,也就是NSKVONotifying_TestClass类。
2)NSKVONotifying_TestClass 覆写了class方法,来掩盖subclass的存在,还覆写了dealloc方法。除此之外,还有一个新的方法_isKVOA, 是Apple提供的一个私有方法,用于判断一个object是否生成动态subclass。
原文链接:http://www.mikeash.com/pyblog/friday-qa-2009-01-23.html